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Wolfgang Hilbig was born in Meuselwitz, Germany in
1941. His hometown is an industrial centre in the brown coal mining
area of Saxony. Hilbig was raised in the family of his
grandfather, a miner, as his father died in the battle of
Stalingrad. After completing an apprenticeship as a horizontal
drill mechanic, Hilbig served in the East German Armed Forces and then
worked in a heating plant. Later he made a living as a toolmaker,
ditch digger, outdoor rigger, locksmith’s assistent, and busboy in an
inn frequented by hikers. Hilbig made waves as an author for the
first time as a member of the 'worker-writers circle', to which his
company delegated him in 1967. His poems did not obey the laws of
Socialist Realism. Their unbridled metaphoric references were
perceived as irritant. Moreover, Hilbig’s worker identity had by
no means overcome capitalist labour alienation as the Comunist regime’s
ideology prescribed. For this reason the poet was first
discovered in West Germany. His first volume of poetry
'abwesenheit', was published in the West in 1979. This
literary defection cost Hilbig several weeks of pre-trial custody and a
fine for "violation of currency exchange regulations".
Thanks to the intervention of Nationalpreis holder Franz Führmann,
who assigned the young poet to the same level as Rimbaud and Novalis, a
few of Hilbig’s short stories and poems were subsequently published in
the German Democratic Republic. However, the East German
writer primarily evoked enthusiasm on the other side of the Iron
Curtain. Critics in the Federal Republic were soon comparing him
with Kafka. Hilbig was allowed to accept the Brüder-Grimm-Preis
of the city of Hanau personally in West Germany in 1983, but was not
permitted to go to West Berlin in 1985 to receive the Förderpreis of
the Academy of Arts. While continuing to write poems, he also penned
major prose work, e.g. 'Der Brief' in 1985 and 'Territorien der Seele'
in 1986. These were only published in the West. In 1987 the
renegade worker-writer was finally "eased out of the country", as
Hilbig described his extradition. He was awarded a one-way exit visa.
In 1989 Hilbig’s first novel, 'Eine Übertragung', was published. It won
the Ingeborg-Bachmann-Preis in the same year. His short story 'Alte
Abdeckerei' (1991) was universally hailed as the most valid allegory of
the demise of the GDR. Following the much heralded novel 'Ich' (1993),
a few years lapsed before the author spoke out again in his customary
expressive manner. "Rarely had anyone ever hurled so much fire
and brimstone against East Germany, and rarely has anyone discharged so
much bile on the West" - that is how Ingo Schulze described Hilbig’s
last novel, 'Das Provisorium' (2000). The writer continued to
harvest rave reviews despite the doldrums of a writer’s "mid-stream
crisis". Ursula März began her review in 'Die Zeit' with the
words: "What huge potential! Wolfgang Hilbig is probably the only
writer today who can stone his readers with language, sentence
structure and paraphrase – without breaking realisms rules of
recollection and image reflection."
Hilbig was awarded the Peter Huchel Prize and the
Georg Büchner Prize. He was a member of the Saxonian Academy of the
Arts. He died in Berlin in 2007.
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